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Oral Cancer
What is oral cancer? Oral cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in any part of the mouth or lips. Most oral cancers start in the lining of the lips or mouth where you have thin, flat cells called squamous cells. This type of cancer may also be called oral cavity cancer or oropharyngeal cancer. What puts you at risk...
Hypopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Hypopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the hypopharynx. The hypopharynx is the bottom part of the pharynx (throat). The pharynx is a hollow tube about 5 inches long that starts behind the nose, goes down the neck, and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and...
Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Nasopharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that starts in the tissues of the nasopharynx. The pharynx is a hollow tube in the neck about 5 inches long that is made up of three parts: . The nasopharynx is the upper part of the pharynx, located behind the nose. The nostrils are connected to the nasopharynx...
Laryngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Laryngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the larynx. The larynx is a part of the throat, between the base of the tongue and the trachea. The larynx contains the vocal cords, which vibrate and make sound when air is directed against them. The sound echoes through the pharynx...
Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (Adult) (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Paranasal sinuses."Paranasal" means near the nose. The para sinuses are hollow, air-filled spaces in the bones around the nose. The sinuses are lined with cells...
Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that starts in the tissues of the oropharynx. The pharynx is a hollow tube in the neck about 5 inches long that is made up of three parts: The nasopharynx is the upper part of the pharynx, located behind the nose. The nostrils are connected to the nasopharynx...
Childhood Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the esophagus. The esophagus is the hollow, muscular tube that moves food and liquid from the throat to the stomach. The wall of the esophagus is made up of several layers of tissue, including mucous membrane, muscle, and connective...
Childhood Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Nasopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the nasal cavity and throat. Nasopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the nasopharynx. The nasopharynx is made of the nasal cavity (inside of the nose) and top part of the throat...
Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Lip and oral cavity cancer is a disease that starts in lips or mouth. The oral cavity refers to the mouth. It includes: the front two thirds of the tongue, the gingiva (gums) the buccal mucosa (the lining of the inside of the cheeks) the floor (bottom) of the mouth under the tongue, the hard palate (the roof of the...
Childhood Oral Cavity Cancer (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Childhood oral cavity cancer is a rare type of cancer that forms in the mouth. There are several types of oral cavity cancers, including lymphoma, sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Most of the tumors (more than 90%) that children get in their mouth are not cancer. All types of tumors in the...
Oral Cavity and Nasopharyngeal Cancers Screening (PDQ®): Screening - Patient Information [NCI]
Screening is looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. This can help find cancer at an early stage. When abnormal tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat. By the time symptoms appear, cancer may have begun to spread. Scientists are trying to better understand which people are more likely to...
Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies (PDQ®): Supportive care - Patient Information [NCI]
Oral complications are common in cancer patients, especially those with head and neck cancer. Complications are new medical problems that occur during or after a disease, procedure, or treatment and that make recovery harder. The complications may be side effects of the disease or treatment, or they may have other...
Oral Cavity, Oropharyngeal, Hypopharyngeal, and Laryngeal Cancers Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention - Patient Information [NCI]
Cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. By preventing cancer, the number of new cases of cancer in a group or population is lowered. Hopefully, this will lower the number of deaths caused by cancer. To prevent new cancers from starting, scientists look at risk factors and protective...
Childhood Laryngeal Tumors (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Childhood laryngeal tumors form in the voice box, also called the larynx. These tumors may be benign (which means they are not cancer) or cancer. Most laryngeal tumors in children are not cancer and do not spread to other tissues. Both types of tumors need treatment. The most common type of benign laryngeal tumor is...
Childhood Midline Tract Carcinoma with NUT Gene Changes Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Childhood midline tract carcinoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the respiratory tract or other places along the middle of the body. The respiratory tract is made up of the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Midline tract carcinoma may also form in other places along the middle of...
Childhood Esthesioneuroblastoma Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Esthesioneuroblastoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the upper nasal cavity and base of the skull. Esthesioneuroblastoma begins in the olfactory nerve endings in the upper part of the nasal cavity. The olfactory nerves (sense of smell) pass through the many tiny holes in the bone...
Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
Tracheobronchial tumors are rare, abnormal growths that form in the windpipe (trachea) or the large airways in the lungs called the bronchi. They can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors are more common in children. If a child has a benign tumor, they may need treatment to prevent the tumor...
Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that allows your doctor to look at your airway through a thin viewing device called a bronchoscope. During a bronchoscopy, your doctor will examine your throat, larynx, trachea, and lower airways. This procedure may be done to diagnose problems with the airway, the lungs, or the lymph nodes...
Living With More Than One Health Problem
Many people have more than one long-term (chronic) health problem. You may be one of them. For example, you may have high blood pressure and diabetes, or you may have high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart failure. When you have more than one problem, doctors call the health problems comorbidities. One health problem...